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Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative parameters of entomopathogenic fungus \kur{Beauveria bassiana} related to the inoculum production temperature
RYBAROVÁ, Kateřina
Bachelor thesis is focusing on the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana strain GHA, which is contained in the commercial bioproduct Botanigard. Botanigard is a product used in biological control in many countries around the world to control a wide range of pests of various plant species. In this thesis, "in vitro" (radial growth, spore production) and "in vivo" parameters (virulence) of the GHA strain of Beauveria bassiana were tested at various temperatures on different nutrient media. The most optimal temperature for radial growth of the GHA strain was 25 °C, on media with a nitrogen to carbon ratio of 20:20. The GHA strain produced the largest amount of conidia on the medium with a nitrogen/carbon ratio of 20:40 at temperature 25 °C. On the contrary, the smallest conidia production was obtained on medium PDA and nitrogen/carbon medium in ratio 5:10. The temperature of 25 °C was also the most optimal for the infection of larvae of Tenebrio molitor. Thesis also deals with the comparison of blastospores production of GHA strain with other strains of B. bassiana isolated from different geographical areas. The strain isolated in Argentina had the highest production of blastospores on MEB medium.
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Tree-ring chronologies of Norway-spruce on west-east longitudinal gradient in the mountain ranges of central Europe
Ponocná, Tereza ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Kolář, Tomáš (referee) ; Vejpustková, Monika (referee)
The Earth's climate system has recently experienced substantial warming which likely impacts temperature-limited communities close to their distribution margins. The alpine treeline ecotone represents upper distributional limit of montane/subalpine forests. This biogeographic boundary relies mainly on decreasing temperature with increasing elevation. Surprisingly the response of treeline ecotone to ongoing warming has varied a lot and the reasons of this variability are poorly understood. The aim of this dissertation thesis is the assessment of growth trends and tree ring response of Norway spruce (Picea abies[L.] Karst.) to climatic oscillations at treelines and montane forests of East-Central Europe. This dissertation deals with both inter-regional and intra-regional (aspect, elevation) variability of tree growth. The presented results are based on an extensive data set of growth curves for almost 1400 trees. All study sites revealed close relationship between tree ring widths and growing season temperatures as well as the temperatures of October preceding to ring formation season. The main site-dependent differences in growth trends and temperature responses were attributed to elevation, the effect of aspect was relatively less significant. At treelines between the Krkonoše Mts. and Nízké Tatry...
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Srovnání růstové odezvy na změny klimatických faktorů v letokruhových řadách smrku ztepilého (Picea abiesL./ Karst.) a douglasky tisolisté (Pseudotsuga menziesiiMirb./ Franco)
Kalouš, Pavel
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of the influence of climatic parameters on radial growth of Douglas fir and Norway spruce. I worked at two localities of the School Forest Enterprise Masaryk´s Forest Křtiny with similar natural conditions and a total of 160 samples were collected. At first, the samples were ground and measured in the laboratory. Subsequently, the dating of individual ring series was performed. Thereafter, the age trend was removed, and site chronologies were created. The resulting indexed site chronologies were correlated with average monthly temperatures and monthly precipitation sums. I hypothesised that radial growth of spruce will be more influenced by monthly precipitation than the growth of Douglas fir. This hypothesis was confirmed, because statistically significant effect of precipitation on radial growth of Norway spruce was proven at seven months (VI, VII, IX, XII of the previous year and I, VI, VII in the year of ring formation), whereas for Douglas fir only at two months (I, VII). The effect of average monthly temperatures was less significant for both studied species in comparison with monthly precipitation totals - statistical significance for Douglas fir was proven in three months (IX, XI of the previous year and III in the year of ring formation) and for Norway spruce in two months (VIII of the previous year and VII in the year of ring formation).
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Monitoring tvorby dřeva a lýka buku lesního (Fagus sylvatica L.) na buněčné úrovni na výzkumné ploše Rájec - Holíkov
Veteška, Ondřej
Monitoring of cambial activity in sample trees during growing season 2013 and 2014 was the aim of this thesis. This study summarizes the findings about the variations in the cambial zone, the radial increment of stems, the differentiation process of xylem and phloem formation. The changes in cambial zone observed at the cellular level were made possible by the periodical sampling. Periodical samples - microcores were taken with the Trephor tool at weekly intervals from March to November. The permanent microscope slides were made of microcores. The number of the permanent microscope slides provided information about the actual cambial activity at the time of sampling. Variations and results of the cambial activity were evaluated in relation to the climatic conditions of the research site. The unfavorable climatic conditions were noted in the growth response of sample trees, especially in 2014. The radial xylem increment was 1012±489 µm in 2014. The maximum daily increment of xylem 13±4 µm was recorded between 29 May and 26 June 2014. The total tree ring width was 1655±444 µm in 2013. The maximum daily increment of xylem 27±13 µm was recorded between 13 June and 11 July 2013. The xylem formation lasted for 91 days in 2013. The xylem formation was 9 days shorter in 2014.
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Růstová odezva dřevin středoevropského temperátního lesa na disturbanční událost =: The growth response of Central European temperate forest trees to disturbance events /
Vašíčková, Ivana
The growth response of trees to disturbance events in 8 beech-dominated natural forests in Czech Republic was studied using standard tree-ring analysis. With the use of circa 2 000 increment cores a disturbance regime of Žofín old-growth forest was reconstructed. The results indicate not only disturbance intensity, but also their spatial characteristics determine the effect of disturbance on further forest ecosystem development. As the picture of past disturbances had not emerged to be sufficient enough to describe a historical forest development, recognizing the statistical error of their reconstructions was of great importance. Thus, the following studies focused on quantification of uncertainty in detecting the disturbance history using dendrochronology. Uncertainty in determination of summary disturbance history within the whole stand as well as disturbance spatial patterns were evaluated. The results uncovered that the specific character of dendrochronological data, i.e. the different reactions of individual trees to the identical disturbance event, was a significant source of this uncertainty. The follow-up study logically concerned on examination the true response of Fagus sylvatica to disturbances, dated by independent dendrometric and photogrammetric datasets. On the basis of analysis of nearly 300 tree responses, new empirically-derived criteria for dendrochronological determination of tree growth response were suggested. Finally, factors controlling growth response of Fagus sylvatica to disturbance events were addressed. Regression analysis determined complex of diverse factors of different spatial levels driving the growth reaction following canopy opening.
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Vliv teploty na vývoj a virulenci entomopatogenní houby Metarhizium anisopliae
SANDALA, DAVID
Abstract Entomopathogenic fungus M. brunneum has a high potential in integrated pest management against targeted pests. The commercial bio-product Met52 is based on the strain F52 of entomopathogenic fungus M. brunneum. Temperature is the key factor in the inoculums production of strain F52. The optimal temperature for the cultivation of M. brunneum strain F52 is 25 °C. However, the influence of the temperature of inoculum production plays an important role on the growth and spore production during the subsequent cultivation in different temperature conditions. The optimal temperature for radial grows of strain F52 of M. brunneum from different inoculums is 25 °C and subsequently 30 °C. The cultivation of inoculums at 10 °C appears to be negative because at this temperature the strain grows very slow, and spore production is minimal. The morphology phenotype change of inoculums is influenced by 30 °C of cultivation and also this temperature affects the appearance of inoculum central colonies. The highest production of spores was determined from the colonies established from all inoculums cultivated at 25 °C. The highest mortality and the greatest fungus development was recorded at 25 °C and the most virulent to larvae T. molitor were inoculums produced at 15 °C and 20 °C.
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Tree-ring chronologies of Norway-spruce on west-east longitudinal gradient in the mountain ranges of central Europe
Ponocná, Tereza ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Kolář, Tomáš (referee) ; Vejpustková, Monika (referee)
The Earth's climate system has recently experienced substantial warming which likely impacts temperature-limited communities close to their distribution margins. The alpine treeline ecotone represents upper distributional limit of montane/subalpine forests. This biogeographic boundary relies mainly on decreasing temperature with increasing elevation. Surprisingly the response of treeline ecotone to ongoing warming has varied a lot and the reasons of this variability are poorly understood. The aim of this dissertation thesis is the assessment of growth trends and tree ring response of Norway spruce (Picea abies[L.] Karst.) to climatic oscillations at treelines and montane forests of East-Central Europe. This dissertation deals with both inter-regional and intra-regional (aspect, elevation) variability of tree growth. The presented results are based on an extensive data set of growth curves for almost 1400 trees. All study sites revealed close relationship between tree ring widths and growing season temperatures as well as the temperatures of October preceding to ring formation season. The main site-dependent differences in growth trends and temperature responses were attributed to elevation, the effect of aspect was relatively less significant. At treelines between the Krkonoše Mts. and Nízké Tatry...
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Vzájemná kompatibilita entomopatogenní houby \kur{Isaria fumosorosea} s dalšími druhy entomopatogenních hub
OUŠKOVÁ, Šárka
This thesis is focused on evaluation of the compatibility of entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea with different species of entomopathogenic fungi and mycoparasitic fungi at different temperatures. The strains of species Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium muscarium, Coniothyrium minitans and Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata were selected for experiments base on compatibility. The results showed that combination of I. fumosorosea with species L. muscarium is compatible. The species do not limit to each other in the environment at all temperatures (15, 23 and 25 °C). On the other side, fungus I. fumosorosea in combination with other species have affected their growth and spore production. The efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against larvae Tenebrio molitor was evaluated. The most effective species against larvae were species I. fumosorosea, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. On the contrary, the smallest effective was observed after infection larvae by L. muscarium. Mycoparasitic fungus C. rosea f. catenulata was not able to directly infect larvae of T. molitor. This species did not infect healthy larvae. However it is able to infect weakened individuals or is growing as saprotrophs on the cadavers.
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Monitoring tvorby dřeva buku lesního (Fagus sylvatica L.) na buněčné úrovni na výzkumné ploše Rájec - Holíkov
Veteška, Ondřej
The thesis is focused on the cambium activity and radial growth phase of trees stem during the growing season 2013 and it analysis the influence of habitat climatic conditions on the wood formation process. Six trees were monitored and samples from them were taken every week from 7 April to 7 November 2013. Permanent microscopic preparations showing the radial growth changes were prepared from the periodic collections. Cambium was beginning its activity from 18 April to 25 April at the air average temperature 12,01 °C and it was active for three months. The secondary cell wall formation began three weeks after the new cells formation and the total lignification was finished in mid-October. The average radial growth in the growing season was 1532 micrometrs.
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